Лист 1 - формулы всех 12 времён, лист 2 - когда какое время использовать и слова-подсказки. Для начинающих есть облегчённый плакат с тремя простыми временами. Проверить себя: тест Present Simple / Continuous, тест на прошедшие времена.
Таблица с правилами · B1–B2
12 English Tenses: формулы
Строка - группа времени (Simple, Continuous…), столбец - настоящее, прошедшее или будущее.
| Present | Past | Future | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simple | + V / V-s − don’t / doesn’t + V ? Do / Does … V? | + V2 − didn’t + V ? Did … V? | + will V − won’t V ? Will … V? |
| Continuous | + am / is / are + V-ing − am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing ? Am / Is / Are … V-ing? | + was / were + V-ing − wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing ? Was / Were … V-ing? | + will be + V-ing − won’t be + V-ing ? Will … be V-ing? |
| Perfect | + have / has + V3 − haven’t / hasn’t + V3 ? Have / Has … V3? | + had + V3 − hadn’t + V3 ? Had … V3? | + will have + V3 − won’t have + V3 ? Will … have V3? |
| Perfect Continuous | + have / has been + V-ing − haven’t / hasn’t been + V-ing ? Have / Has … been V-ing? | + had been + V-ing − hadn’t been + V-ing ? Had … been V-ing? | + will have been + V-ing − won’t have been + V-ing ? Will … have been V-ing? |
Обозначения
- V - глагол в начальной форме: write
- V-s - с окончанием -s для he / she / it: writes
- V2 - 2-я форма (Past Simple): wrote, worked
- V3 - 3-я форма (Past Participle): written, worked
- V-ing - с окончанием -ing: writing
Как читать таблицу
- Simple - факт, регулярность
- Continuous - процесс в какой-то момент
- Perfect - результат к какому-то моменту
- Perfect Continuous - процесс, который длился до какого-то момента
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Таблица с правилами · B1–B2
12 English Tenses: когда используем
| Время | Когда | Маркеры | Пример |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | регулярно, всегда; факты; расписание | always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day | She writes letters every week. |
| Present Continuous | прямо сейчас; временная ситуация | now, at the moment, today, Look!, Listen! | She is writing a letter now. |
| Present Perfect | результат важен сейчас; опыт | already, just, yet, ever, never, recently, since, for | She has just written a letter. |
| Present Perfect Continuous | длится до сих пор (сколько уже) | for two hours, since 9 o’clock, How long…? | She has been writing for two hours. |
| Past Simple | факт в прошлом; цепочка событий | yesterday, last week, … ago, in 2020 | She wrote a letter yesterday. |
| Past Continuous | процесс в момент в прошлом | at 5 o’clock yesterday, while, when | She was writing a letter at 5 o’clock yesterday. |
| Past Perfect | раньше другого действия в прошлом | before, after, by, by the time, already | She had written the letter before I came. |
| Past Perfect Continuous | длилось до момента в прошлом | for …, since … + when / before | She had been writing for two hours when I came. |
| Future Simple | решение в момент речи; прогноз; обещание | tomorrow, next week, soon, I think, probably | She will write a letter tomorrow. |
| Future Continuous | процесс в момент в будущем | at this time tomorrow, at 5 o’clock tomorrow | She will be writing a letter at 5 o’clock tomorrow. |
| Future Perfect | будет сделано к моменту в будущем | by tomorrow, by 5 o’clock, by the end of… | She will have written the letter by 5 o’clock. |
| Future Perfect Continuous | будет длиться к моменту в будущем | for … by … | By 5 o’clock she will have been writing for two hours. |
Запомни
- Глаголы состояния (know, like, love, want, need, understand, believe) обычно не бывают в Continuous: I know (не I am knowing).
- После when, if, before, after, until будущее передаём через Present Simple: When I come home, I will call you.
Частые ошибки
- I have seen him yesterday ✗ → I saw him yesterday ✓ (точное время в прошлом - Past Simple)
- She don’t like ✗ → She doesn’t like ✓
- Did you went? ✗ → Did you go? ✓
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