Таблица 12 времён английского языка

Лист 1 - формулы всех 12 времён, лист 2 - когда какое время использовать и слова-подсказки. Для начинающих есть облегчённый плакат с тремя простыми временами. Проверить себя: тест Present Simple / Continuous, тест на прошедшие времена.

Таблица с правилами · B1–B2

12 English Tenses: формулы

Строка - группа времени (Simple, Continuous…), столбец - настоящее, прошедшее или будущее.

	Present	Past	Future
Simple	+ V / V-s − don’t / doesn’t + V ? Do / Does … V?	+ V2 − didn’t + V ? Did … V?	+ will V − won’t V ? Will … V?
Continuous	+ am / is / are + V-ing − am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing ? Am / Is / Are … V-ing?	+ was / were + V-ing − wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing ? Was / Were … V-ing?	+ will be + V-ing − won’t be + V-ing ? Will … be V-ing?
Perfect	+ have / has + V3 − haven’t / hasn’t + V3 ? Have / Has … V3?	+ had + V3 − hadn’t + V3 ? Had … V3?	+ will have + V3 − won’t have + V3 ? Will … have V3?
Perfect Continuous	+ have / has been + V-ing − haven’t / hasn’t been + V-ing ? Have / Has … been V-ing?	+ had been + V-ing − hadn’t been + V-ing ? Had … been V-ing?	+ will have been + V-ing − won’t have been + V-ing ? Will … have been V-ing?

Обозначения

V - глагол в начальной форме: write
V-s - с окончанием -s для he / she / it: writes
V2 - 2-я форма (Past Simple): wrote, worked
V3 - 3-я форма (Past Participle): written, worked
V-ing - с окончанием -ing: writing

Как читать таблицу

Simple - факт, регулярность
Continuous - процесс в какой-то момент
Perfect - результат к какому-то моменту
Perfect Continuous - процесс, который длился до какого-то момента

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Таблица с правилами · B1–B2

12 English Tenses: когда используем

Время	Когда	Маркеры	Пример
Present Simple	регулярно, всегда; факты; расписание	always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day	She writes letters every week.
Present Continuous	прямо сейчас; временная ситуация	now, at the moment, today, Look!, Listen!	She is writing a letter now.
Present Perfect	результат важен сейчас; опыт	already, just, yet, ever, never, recently, since, for	She has just written a letter.
Present Perfect Continuous	длится до сих пор (сколько уже)	for two hours, since 9 o’clock, How long…?	She has been writing for two hours.
Past Simple	факт в прошлом; цепочка событий	yesterday, last week, … ago, in 2020	She wrote a letter yesterday.
Past Continuous	процесс в момент в прошлом	at 5 o’clock yesterday, while, when	She was writing a letter at 5 o’clock yesterday.
Past Perfect	раньше другого действия в прошлом	before, after, by, by the time, already	She had written the letter before I came.
Past Perfect Continuous	длилось до момента в прошлом	for …, since … + when / before	She had been writing for two hours when I came.
Future Simple	решение в момент речи; прогноз; обещание	tomorrow, next week, soon, I think, probably	She will write a letter tomorrow.
Future Continuous	процесс в момент в будущем	at this time tomorrow, at 5 o’clock tomorrow	She will be writing a letter at 5 o’clock tomorrow.
Future Perfect	будет сделано к моменту в будущем	by tomorrow, by 5 o’clock, by the end of…	She will have written the letter by 5 o’clock.
Future Perfect Continuous	будет длиться к моменту в будущем	for … by …	By 5 o’clock she will have been writing for two hours.

Запомни

Глаголы состояния (know, like, love, want, need, understand, believe) обычно не бывают в Continuous: I know (не I am knowing).
После when, if, before, after, until будущее передаём через Present Simple: When I come home, I will call you.

Частые ошибки

I have seen him yesterday ✗ → I saw him yesterday ✓ (точное время в прошлом - Past Simple)
She don’t like ✗ → She doesn’t like ✓
Did you went? ✗ → Did you go? ✓

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